Field efficacy of various insecticides and Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) against tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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Abstract
This study aims to address the significant impact of tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) infestations on tomato crops by evaluating the effectiveness of various insecticides and the biological control agent Trichogramma chilonis. This pest is known for causing substantial yield losses and economic damage to farmers. Therefore, finding effective methods to control H. armigera is essential to ensuring better crop yields and reducing economic losses for farmers. Conducted at the Agriculture Research Institute in Tarnab, Peshawar, the research utilized a randomized complete block design with five treatments: Radiant (Spinetoram), neem oil at 2% and 3% concentrations, and Trichogramma chilonis. Results indicated that all treatments significantly reduced egg and larval infestations compared to control plots, with the commercial insecticide achieving the highest yield increase 9583 kg ha⁻¹ (80% over control). Future perspectives highlight the potential for these findings to enhance integrated pest management (IPM) strategies by combining chemical, biological, and natural controls, thus promoting sustainable agriculture. The study benefits society by increasing agricultural productivity, improving farmers' economic outcomes, and contributing to environmental sustainability and healthier produce. For the scientific community, it advances IPM practices, provides insights into biological control agents, aids in resistance management, and guides future research.
Keywords: Biological control; Field efficiency; Helicoverpa armigera; integrated pest management; Neem oil; Spinetoram; Tomato yield; Trichogramma chilonis